Gothic
by Derek Gerlach

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360 Alphabet for Goths
The Christian missionary Ulfilas devises an alphabet for the language of the Goths, so that he can translate the Bible into Gothic

  Europe, East Europe, Other
  Society, Culture, education
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulfilas%27_Alphabet
/bible---translations/544?heading=ulfilas-and-his-alphabet
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1144 Gothic style in France
The new abbey church of St Denis is consecrated near Paris, introducing the style of architecture later known as Gothic

  Europe, West Europe, France
  Arts, Architecture
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basilica_of_Saint-Denis
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gothic_architecture
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czech_Gothic_architecture
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odo_II_of_Beauvais
/architecture/154?section=middle-ages&heading=st-denis-and-chartres
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1150 Gothic sculpture in Chartres
The biblical kings and queens in the west porch of Chartres cathedral are a striking early example of Gothic sculpture

  Europe, West Europe, France
  Arts, Sculpture
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chartres_Cathedral
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gothic_art
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Gothic_sculptures
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queen_of_Heaven_in_Catholic_art
/french-art/702?section=12th---16th-century&heading=the-sculptures-of-chartres
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1175 English Gothic in Canterbury cathedral
The Gothic style is first seen in Britain in the new east end of Canterbury cathedral

  Arts, Architecture
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canterbury_Cathedral
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gothic_architecture
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_Gothic_architecture
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Corona,_Canterbury_Cathedral
/democracy-and-dissent/488?section=modern-democracy&heading=votes-for-women
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1243 Sainte Chapelle to house relic
Construction begins in Paris on the Sainte Chapelle, designed to house relics acquired by Louis IX, the king of France

  Europe, West Europe, France
  Arts, Architecture
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sainte-Chapelle
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_IX_of_France
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seventh_Crusade
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sainte-Chapelle_de_Vincennes
/architecture/154?section=middle-ages&heading=sainte-chapelle-in-paris
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1300 Flying buttresses a Gothic development
Flying buttresses are a striking new structural feature on the exterior of Gothic cathedrals

  Arts, Architecture
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flying_buttress
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gothic_architecture
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buttress
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_Gothic_architecture
/architecture/154?section=middle-ages&heading=gothic
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1300 Decorated replaces Early English
The Early English phase in Gothic architecture gives way to the Decorated style

  Arts, Architecture
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_Gothic_architecture
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gothic_architecture
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_English
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_language
/english-gothic/908?section=before-ad-1200&heading=sundial-and-water-clock
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1320 Italian Gothic takes bright new direction
In places such as Siena and Orvieto, Italian architects add a blaze of colour to the more restrained northern pattern of Gothic

  Europe, South Europe, Italy
  Arts, Architecture
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orvieto_Cathedral
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siena_Cathedral
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Domenico,_Orvieto
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sienese_School
/architecture/154?section=middle-ages&heading=italian-gothic
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1340 New palace for Venetian doge
The Doge's Palace, begun in its present form in this year, is only one of the spectacular beauties of Venetian Gothic

  Europe, South Europe, Italy
  Arts, Architecture
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doge%27s_Palace
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venetian_Gothic_architecture
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doge%27s_Palace,_Genoa
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Venetian_Gothic_architecture
/architecture/154?section=middle-ages&heading=italian-gothic
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1350 Perpendicular follows Decorated in England
The Perpendicular style develops from the Decorated phase in English Gothic architecture

  Arts, Architecture
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_Gothic_architecture
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perpendicular_Gothic
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gothic_architecture
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flamboyant
/english-gothic/908?heading=republic-of-zimbabwe
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1390 Fan vaulting
Fan vaulting becomes part of the Gothic tradition, seen to perfection in the cloisters of Gloucester cathedral

  Arts, Architecture
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fan_vault
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pendant_vault
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rib_vault
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloucester_Cathedral
/english-gothic/908?heading=lumumba-and-kasavubu
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1400 International Gothic
The final style of medieval painting, common to all Europe, is known as International Gothic because of its slender and elegant figures

  Arts, Painting, drawing
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Gothic
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gothic_art
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Goth_Day
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalan_Gothic
/painting/130?section=medieval-europe&heading=international-gothic
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1412 Very Rich Hours of duke of Berry
The three Limburg brothers illustrate for the duke of Berry the Très Riches Heures, one of the masterpieces of International Gothic

  Europe, West Europe, France
  Arts, Painting, drawing
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John,_Duke_of_Berry
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tr%C3%A8s_Riches_Heures_du_Duc_de_Berry
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limbourg_brothers
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Les_Tr%C3%A8s_Riches_Heures_du_duc_de_Berry_mars.jpg
/painting/130?section=medieval-europe&heading=international-gothic
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1741
John Robartes extends and remodels Radnor House in the gothic style.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Robartes,_4th_Earl_of_Radnor
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Robartes,_1st_Earl_of_Radnor
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earl_of_Radnor
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Robartes
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1750 Horace Walpole begins Strawberry Hill
Horace Walpole begins to create his own Strawberry Hill, a neo-Gothic fantasy, on the banks of the Thames west of London

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Arts, Architecture
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strawberry_Hill_House
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horace_Walpole
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Castle_of_Otranto
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeremiah_Davison
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1750-97 Walpole begins to create Strawberry Hill
Horace Walpole forms a 'Committee of Taste' with friends John Chute and Richard Bentley, and creates his 'little Gothic castle' over the next 50 years, giving rise to the style 'Strawberry Hill Gothic'.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horace_Walpole
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strawberry_Hill_House
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Bentley
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1763_in_architecture
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1764 Castle of Otranto
English author Horace Walpole provides an early taste of Gothic thrills in his novel Castle of Otranto

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Literature, Fiction
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Castle_of_Otranto
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horace_Walpole
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/s:The_Castle_of_Otranto
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strawberry_Hill_House
/black-death/518?heading=the-spread-of-infection
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1798 Charles Brockden Brown's Wieland
US author Charles Brockden Brown publishes Wieland, the first of four novels setting Gothic romance in an American context

  North America, USA
  Literature, Fiction
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Brockden_Brown
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christoph_Martin_Wieland
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Novels_by_Charles_Brockden_Brown
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sky-Walk
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1818 Mary Shelley's Frankenstein
Mary Shelley publishes Frankenstein, or the Modern Prometheus, a Gothic tale about giving life to an artificial man

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Literature, Fiction
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankenstein
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Shelley
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/s:Frankenstein,_or_the_Modern_Prometheus
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankenstein%27s_monster
/astrology/672?heading=mesopotamia-and-the-babylonians
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1824
The King’s Free School is established in a small Gothic building near the pond, with George IV as a major subscriber

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kew
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_IV
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King%27s_Observatory
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_III
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1831 New St Mary's Church iin Hampton
New St Mary's Church opens, designed by Edward Lapidge, in white brick with stone dressings in Gothic revival style and with sqare pinnacled tower at the west end

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Mary%27s_Parish_Church,_Hampton
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_new_churches_by_Thomas_Rickman
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hampton_Poyle
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nat_Turner%27s_slave_rebellion
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1835 Pugin and the Gothic Revival
English architect and designer Augustus Welby Pugin plays a major part in the second stage of the Gothic Revival

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Arts, Architecture | Arts, Decorative arts
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augustus_Pugin
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gothic_Revival_architecture
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gothic_Revival_architecture_in_Canada
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E._W._Pugin
/austrian-empire/241?section=before-1-bc&heading=vines-and-olives
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1835
The architect Charles Barry employs Pugin to design the Gothic detail required in the competition to build the new House of Parliament

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burning_of_Parliament
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Barry
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palace_of_Westminster
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Barry_Jr.
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1836
Charles Barry wins the competition to design the new Houses of Parliament

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Barry
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palace_of_Westminster
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Barry_Jr.
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1837 Barry begins Houses of Parliament
Work begins on Charles Barry's spectacular design for London's new Houses of Parliament

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Arts, Architecture
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Barry
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palace_of_Westminster
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Barry_Jr.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom
/scotland/550?section=19th---20th-century&heading=clearances
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1837
Pugin begins work on his first contribution to country house architecture, adding extensive Gothic details to Scarisbrick Hall in Lancashire

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scarisbrick_Hall
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scarisbrick_Hall_School
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augustus_Pugin
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Scarisbrick_Hall.JPG
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1839 Fall of the House of Usher
Edgar Allan Poe publishes a characteristically gothic tale, The Fall of the House of Usher

  North America, USA
  Literature, Fiction
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edgar_Allan_Poe
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Fall_of_the_House_of_Usher
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edgar_Allan_Poe_National_Historic_Site
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edgar_Allan_Poe_bibliography
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1852 Victoria opens new House of Parliament
Queen Victoria opens the new Houses of Parliament, designed by Charles Barry and Augustus Welby Pugin

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Arts, Architecture
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palace_of_Westminster
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augustus_Pugin
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Barry
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E._W._Pugin
/austria/490?section=babenbergs-habsburgs&heading=austria-and-the-babenbergs
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1852
The church of St Mary Magdalen in Mortlake, designed in Gothic style by Gilbert Blount, is completed

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1856 New royal castle at Balmoral
Victoria and Albert complete their fairy-tale castle at Balmoral, adding greatly to the nation's romantic view of Scotland

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Arts, Architecture
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queen_Victoria
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert,_Prince_Consort
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balmoral_Castle
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_VII
/scotland/550?section=19th---20th-century&heading=romantic-scotland
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1863 Albert Memorial
British architect George Gilbert Scott designs a memorial for Prince Albert in Kensington Gardens

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Arts, Architecture
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Gilbert_Scott
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert,_Prince_Consort
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Memorial
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Memorial_Clock,_Belfast
/brazil/49?section=19th-century&heading=pedro-ii
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1897 Dracula sucks his first blood
English author Bram Stoker publishes Dracula, his gothic tale of vampirism in Transylvania

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Literature, Fiction
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bram_Stoker
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dracula
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Count_Dracula
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bram_Stoker_Award
/sri-lanka/548?heading=island-of-the-sinhalese
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1944 August Allies halted north of Florence
The Allied advance in Italy comes to a halt at the Gothic Line of German defences, north of Florence

  Europe, South Europe, Italy
  War, Wars
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winter_Line
/world-war-ii/669?section=1942-3&heading=the-italian-campaign
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1946 Titus Groan
Titus Groan begins British author Mervyn Peake's trilogy of gothic novels

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Literature, Fiction
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Captain_Slaughterboard_Drops_Anchor
Image

1960s
The remaining part of Whitton Tower or Whitton Castle, a gothic tower built in the grounds of Whitton Park in the 1740s, is demolished.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whitton_Park
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Witton_Park
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whitton,_London
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Witton_Park_Colliery