London
by Prof. Alba Flatley

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Image

2500 BC Stone village with stone furniture
A small neolithic community builds a village at Skara Brae in the Orkneys, of stone houses with built-in stone furniture

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Arts, Architecture | Science, Archaeology
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skara_Brae
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neolithic
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neolithic_Revolution
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neolithic_Europe
Image

2500 BC Largest stones at Stonehenge
At Stonehenge, constructed and altered over many centuries, the largest stones are put in place

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Religion, Other | Science, Archaeology
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stonehenge
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archaeoastronomy_and_Stonehenge
Image

2200 BC Standing stones at Avebury
A ring of large standing stones is raised in England at Avebury, now a village in Wiltshire

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Religion, Other
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avebury
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stone_circle
Image

2000 BC Beaker folk in Britain
The Beaker people arrive in Britain, bringing several desirable commodities - including horses, alcohol and bronze

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Society, Migration
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_Beaker_culture
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wessex_culture
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Son_Oleza
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlantic_Europe
Image

310 BC Greek explorer sails beyond Britain
Pytheas, a Greek explorer, sails up the west coast of Britain and finds beyond it a more northerly land which he calls Thule

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Society, Transport, travel
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pytheas
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thule
Image

300 BC Celts cross Channel
The Celts move across the Channel into Britain, soon becoming the dominant ethnic group in the island

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Society, Migration
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celts
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_Channel
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celtic_Britons
Image

55 BC Britain invaded by Caesar
Julius Caesar makes the first of his two invasions of Celtic Britain

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Politics, Conquest, colonization
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_Caesar%27s_invasions_of_Britain
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_Caesar
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Britain
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_conquest_of_Britain
Image

54 BC Caesar invades Britain again
Julius Caesar returns to Britain for a second visit, this time reaching north of the Thames into the kingdom of Cassivellaunus

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Politics, Conquest, colonization
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_Caesar
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_Caesar%27s_invasions_of_Britain
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cassivellaunus
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandubracius
Image

40 Cymbeline dies
The death of Cymbeline is a prelude to the renewed Roman invasion of Celtic Britain

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Politics, Conquest, colonization
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cunobeline
Image

43 Romans invade Britain and stay
The Romans invade Britain and the tribal leader Caractacus fails to hold them in an encounter near the Medway

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Politics, Conquest, colonization
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_conquest_of_Britain
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caratacus
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_the_Medway
Image

43 Claudius arrives in London
The emperor Claudius catches up with the Roman army, waiting at the Thames for him to lead the final victory over the English tribes

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Politics, Conquest, colonization
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claudius
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_conquest_of_Britain
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AD_43
Image

43 Claudius worshipped as god
The Roman emperor Claudius reaches Colchester, where a temple is erected to him as a god

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Religion, Other
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claudius
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temple_of_Claudius,_Colchester
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aulus_Plautius
Image

60 Boudicca attacks Romans
Boudicca launches a devastating attack on Roman soldiers and settlers, destroying their headquarters at Colchester

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Politics, Conquest, colonization | Politics, Protest, revolution
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boudica
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Camulodunum
Image

77 Agricola subdues Wales
Agricola, appointed Roman governor of Britain in AD 77, establishes Chester as a stronghold from which to control the Welsh tribes

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Politics, Conquest, colonization
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segontium
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gnaeus_Julius_Agricola
Image

83 Agricola defeats the Scottish tribes
Agricola defeats the tribes of Scotland at an unidentified place called Mons Graupius, probably almost as far north as Aberdeen

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Politics, Conquest, colonization
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Mons_Graupius
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gnaeus_Julius_Agricola
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calgacus
Image

122 Hadrian's Wall
The emperor Hadrian, visiting Britain, orders the construction of a great wall from coast to coast to keep out the Caledonian tribes

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Politics, Conquest, colonization
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadrian%27s_Wall
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadrian
Image

142 Antonine Wall
The emperor Antoninus Pius gives orders for the construction of a defensive earthwork, to the north of Hadrian's Wall

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Politics, Conquest, colonization
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonine_Wall
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antoninus_Pius
Image

150 London as a trading centre
London develops as a prosperous trading centre, at the hub of the network of Roman roads in Britain

  Society, Commerce, industry
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Londinium
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London_Wall
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_London
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London_Bridge
Image

250 Picts dominant in Scotland
The Picts win a dominant position among tribes in the northern regions of Britain, or Scotland

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Society, Migration
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Picts
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_kings_of_the_Picts
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pictish_language
Image

306 Constantine proclaimed emperor in York
Constantine's father, recently appoinnted Augustus in the west, dies at York and the young man is proclaimed Augustus in his place by the legions in Britain

  Europe, South Europe, Italy | Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Politics, Dynasties, royalty, popes
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constantine_the_Great
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constantius_Chlorus
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constantine_the_Great_and_Christianity
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statue_of_Constantine_the_Great,_York
Image

450 Angles and Saxons enter England
Angles, Saxons and other Germanic groups invade southern England and steadily push the Celts westwards

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Politics, Conquest, colonization | Society, Migration
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celts
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saxons
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angles
Image

563 St Columba on Iona
St Columba establishes a monastery on the island of Iona, from which Celtic Christianity is carried to Scotland and northern England

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Religion, Christianity
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columba
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iona
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knights_of_St_Columba
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iona_Abbey
Image

597 Augustine's warm welcome in Canterbury
Augustine, arriving with a party of monks from Rome, reaches Canterbury and is well received by the pagan king of Kent

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Religion, Christianity
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augustine_of_Canterbury
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/597
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Augustine%27s_Abbey
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_St_Augustine_of_Canterbury_School,_Taunton
Image

600 Scots leave Ireland for new life
The Scots, a tribal group of northern Ireland, extend their kingdom across the sea into Scotland

  Europe, West Europe, Britain | Europe, West Europe, Ireland
  Society, Migration
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scots_language
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scotland
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scottish_people
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish-Scots
Image

650 Vikings maraud in longships
The Vikings develop the fast and narrow longships with which they raid across the North Sea

  Europe, North Europe, Scandinavia | Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Politics, Conquest, colonization
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Longship
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vikings
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viking_ships
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minnesota_Vikings
Image

664 Northumbria chooses England's Christianity
The king of Northumbria summons a synod at Whitby to hear the arguments of Roman and Celtic Christians, then opts for Rome

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Politics, Dynasties, royalty, popes | Religion, Christianity
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synod_of_Whitby
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Easter_controversy
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hilda_of_Whitby
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk%3ASynod_of_Whitby
Image

698 Lindisfarne Gospels
The Lindisfarne Gospels are written and illuminated by Celtic monks on the Scottish island of Lindisfarne

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Arts, Painting, drawing | Religion, Christianity
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lindisfarne
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lindisfarne_Gospels
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:LindisfarneFol27rIncipitMatt.jpg
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Lindisfarne_Gospels_folio_139r.jpg
Image

700 Anglo-Saxon Heptarchy
Many Anglo-Saxon kingdoms have by now amalgated, until there are just the seven of the Heptarchy

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Politics, Government, states
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heptarchy
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglo-Saxons
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Anglo-Saxon_England
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglo-Saxon_settlement_of_Britain
Image

731 Venerable Bede completes task
The Venerable Bede, in his monastery at Jarrow, completes his history of the English church and people

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Literature, History
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bede
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecclesiastical_History_of_the_English_People
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bede_Griffiths
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jim_Bede
Image

780 Anglo-Saxons name the Welsh
The Anglo-Saxons have a name for the Celts west of Offa's dyke - wealas or Welsh, meaning foreigners

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Society, Migration
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Offa%27s_Dyke
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Wales
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Offa%27s_Dyke_Path
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wales
Image

800 Beowulf
Beowulf, the first great work of Germanic literature, mingles the legends of Scandinavia with the experience in England of Angles and Saxons

  Europe, Central Europe, Germany | Europe, North Europe, Scandinavia | Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Literature, Epic
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beowulf
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglo-Saxon_paganism
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_English
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beowulf_cluster
Image

843 King of Scots accepted by Picts
Kenneth king of the Scots is accepted also as king of the Picts, providing the traditional founding event of the kingdom of Scotland

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Politics, Dynasties, royalty, popes
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenneth_MacAlpin
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Alpin
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Scottish_monarchs
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MacAlpin%27s_treason
Image

850 Vikings have northern Scotland
Vikings are by now securely established in the Orkneys, Shetlands and Hebrides, and in much of the Scottish mainlaid down to Loch Ness

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Politics, Conquest, colonization
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vikings
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scandinavian_Scotland
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Isles
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minnesota_Vikings
Image

850 Stone of Scone
As a gesture of unity, Kenneth MacAlpin brings to Scone (a Pictish royal site) a sacred coronation stone associated with the Scots

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Politics, Government, states
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stone_of_Scone
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenneth_MacAlpin
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Alpin
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950_removal_of_the_Stone_of_Scone
Image

866 Danes capture York
A great army of Danes captures York - the first step in the establishment of Danelaw in eastern England

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Politics, Conquest, colonization
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danelaw
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scandinavian_York
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Heathen_Army
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Five_Boroughs_of_the_Danelaw
Image

871 Alfred defeats Danes in Wessex
The young Alfred leads the English in their first significant victory over the Danes, at Ashdown

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Politics, Dynasties, royalty, popes
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_the_Great
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Ashdown
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Edington
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_the_Elder
Image

886 Alfred drives Danes from London
Alfred captures London from the Danes, pressing them back into the region of Danelaw where their rule is, for the moment, tolerated

  Politics, Conquest, colonization
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danelaw
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglo-Saxon_London
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_the_Great
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Five_Boroughs_of_the_Danelaw
Image

950 Eddas in Iceland
The material of the Eddas, taking shape in Iceland, derives from earlier sources in Norway, Britain and Burgundy

  Europe, North Europe, Scandinavia | Europe, West Europe, Britain | Europe, West Europe, France
  Literature, Poetry
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edda
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Icelandic_literature
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%B6lusp%C3%A1
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poetic_Edda
Image

991 English appease Danes
New waves of Danes, raiding into the English territory of Danelaw, are bought off by Ethelred with Danegeld

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Politics, Diplomacy
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%86thelred_the_Unready
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danelaw
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danegeld
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Five_Boroughs_of_the_Danelaw
Image

1017 Canute king of England
Canute, joint king of Denmark, is accepted also as king of England after subduing the country and marrying Ethelred's widow

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Politics, Dynasties, royalty, popes
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%86thelred_the_Unready
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cnut_the_Great
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cnut_the_Great%27s_invasion_of_England
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_Canute_and_the_tide
Image

1040 Macbeth slays Duncan on battlefield
In a battle near Elgin Macbeth kills his cousin Duncan, a rival claimant to the Scottish throne

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  War, Battles | War, Wars
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duncan_I_of_Scotland
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macbeth,_King_of_Scotland
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clan_Duncan
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macbeth
Image

1042 Edward the Confessor king of England
Edward the Confessor, the rightful heir in the Anglo-Saxon royal line, becomes king of England

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Politics, Dynasties, royalty, popes
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_English_monarchs
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_the_Confessor
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Anglo-Saxon_England
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Aetheling
Image

1057 Duncan's son slays Macbeth
Duncan's son, Malcolm, kills Macbeth in battle at Lumphanan - and in the following year is himself crowned at Scone

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Politics, Dynasties, royalty, popes | War, Other
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Lumphanan
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malcolm_III_of_Scotland
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macbeth,_King_of_Scotland
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macbeth
Image

1066 Harold is promised English throne
On his death bed in Westminster, Edward the Confessor designates Harold - foremost among England's barons - as his successor

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Politics, Dynasties, royalty, popes
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Godwinson
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_the_Confessor
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Hastings
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Aetheling
Image

1066 Marvellous comet appears
Halley's comet, appearing in the Normans' annus mirabilis, is later depicted in the Bayeux tapestry

  Europe, West Europe, Britain | Europe, West Europe, France
  Arts, Decorative arts | Science, Astronomy, space
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmond_Halley
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayeux_Tapestry
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley%27s_Comet
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayeux_Tapestry_tituli
Image

1066 Harold wins at Stamford Bridge
Harold defeats at Stamford Bridge the joint army of his brother Tostig and of the Norwegian king, Harald Hardraade

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  War, Battles | War, Wars
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harald_Hardrada
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Godwinson
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tostig_Godwinson
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Stamford_Bridge
Image

1066 Normans invade England in longships
The Normans, as seen in the Bayeux tapestry, invade England in Viking longships with fortified platforms for archers

  Europe, West Europe, Britain | Europe, West Europe, France
  Politics, Conquest, colonization | War, Wars
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayeux_Tapestry
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Longship
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norman_Conquest
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Norman_Conquests
Image

1066 Harold loses at Hastings
Harold, hurrying south to confront the Normans after his victory at Stamford Bridge, is defeated and killed at Hastings

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Politics, Dynasties, royalty, popes | War, Battles
  horsleyeng
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Godwinson
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Hastings
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Stamford_Bridge
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Godwin
Image

1066 William crowned in Westminster Abbey
William the Conqueror (William I) is crowned on Christmas Day at Westminster - giving the new abbey church two coronations and a royal funeral in its first year

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Politics, Dynasties, royalty, popes
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_the_Conqueror
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westminster_Abbey
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norman_Conquest
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burials_and_memorials_in_Westminster_Abbey
Image

1078 Anselm claims to prove that God exists
Anselm includes in his Proslogion his famous 'ontological proof' of the existence of God

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Literature, Philosophy | Religion, Christianity
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ontological_argument
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proslogion
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anselm_of_Canterbury
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%B6del%27s_ontological_proof
Image

1080 Work begins on Bayeux tapestry
Work begins on the story of the Norman conquest, narrated in embroidery in the Bayeux tapestry

  Europe, West Europe, Britain | Europe, West Europe, France
  Arts, Decorative arts
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayeux_Tapestry
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norman_Conquest
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Norman_Conquests
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayeux_Tapestry_tituli
Image

1080 Marcher lords threaten the Welsh
Norman earls are given territories on the marches of Wales, with the specific task of raiding their neighbours

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Politics, Conquest, colonization | Politics, Government, states
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcher_Lord
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Welsh_Marches
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conquest_of_Wales_by_Edward_I
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Marcher_lords
Image

1087 William II is king of England
On the death of his father, William the Conqueror, William II becomes king of England

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Politics, Dynasties, royalty, popes
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_II_of_England
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_the_Conqueror
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_III_of_England
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norman_Conquest
Image

1087 Domesday Book
The Domesday Book provides the Normans with an inventory of England

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Society, Commerce, industry
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domesday_Book
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Publication_of_Domesday_Book
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photozincography_of_Domesday_Book
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devon_Domesday_Book_tenants-in-chief
Image

1100 Henry I is king of England
On the death of his brother, William II, Henry I becomes king of England

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Politics, Dynasties, royalty, popes
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_I_of_England
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_II_of_England
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_II_of_England
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_III_of_England
Image

1114
A 'chapelry' exists by now in Petersham, probably occupying the same site as a Saxon church mentioned in the Domesday Book

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Peter%27s_Church,_Petersham
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domesday_Book
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Burials_at_St_Peter%27s,_Petersham
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category_talk:Burials_at_St_Peter%27s,_Petersham
Image

1135 Stephen challenges Matilda
On the death of Henry I, his nephew Stephen moves quickly to keep Henry's daughter Matilda off the English throne

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Politics, Dynasties, royalty, popes
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_I_of_England
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen,_King_of_England
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empress_Matilda
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_King
Image

1136 Walter the steward becomes a Stewart
Walter FitzAlan takes a post as steward with the Scottish king, thus establishing the Stewart family and later dynasty

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Politics, Dynasties, royalty, popes
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Stuart
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_fitz_Alan
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stuart_period
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lord_High_Steward_of_Scotland
Image

1154 Henry II rules from Tweed to Pyrenees
Henry II, coming to the throne of England, is king or feudal overlord of an unbroken swathe of territory from the Tweed to the Pyrenees

  Europe, West Europe, Britain | Europe, West Europe, France
  Politics, Dynasties, royalty, popes | Politics, Government, states
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_II_of_England
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_rulers_in_the_British_Isles
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_the_Standard
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_II_of_France
Image

1162 Becket is archbishop
Thomas Becket, Lord Chancellor to Henry II, is forced by the king to accept the vacant post of archbishop of Canterbury

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Politics, Government, states
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Becket
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_II_of_England
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Becket_controversy
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermo_chasuble_of_St._Thomas_Becket
Image

1164 Becket flees to safety in France
Thomas Becket, having offended the king by his firm stand as archbishop of Canterbury, flees to a monastery near Paris

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Politics, Other
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_II_of_England
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Becket_controversy
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Becket
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sens_Cathedral
Image

1170 'Young King' crowned in England
Henry II arranges for the archbishop of York to crown his son, the 'Young King', as a joint ruler

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Politics, Other
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_the_Young_King
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_II_of_England
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Becket_controversy
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Henry_the_Young_King
Image

1170 Becket suspends English bishops
Thomas Becket, in France, suspends the English bishops who have participated in the coronation of the 'Young King'

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Politics, Other
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_the_Young_King
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Becket
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_de_Pont_L%27%C3%89v%C3%AAque
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_II_of_England
Image

1170 Becket returns to Canterbury
After an apparent reconciliation with Henry II, Thomas Becket leaves France and returns to Canterbury

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Politics, Other
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Becket
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_II_of_England
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Becket_controversy
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ranulf_de_Broc
Image

1170 Murder in the cathedral
Four knights, acting on an unguarded hint from Henry II, murder Thomas Becket on December 29 in his cathedral at Canterbury

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Politics, Other
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Becket
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_II_of_England
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Becket_controversy
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murder_in_the_Cathedral
Image

1176 London gets a bridge
Construction begins on London Bridge, the first stone bridge to be built across a tidal waterway

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Technology, Engineering
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London_Bridge
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pile_bridge
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London_Bridge_Is_Falling_Down
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_London_Bridge_attack
Image

1176 First eisteddfod
The first known eisteddfod is held during Christmas festivities at Rhys ap Gruffydd's court in Cardigan castle

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Performing arts, Other
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1176_Cardigan_eisteddfod
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eisteddfod
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhys_ap_Gruffydd
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardigan_Castle
Image

1190 Richard I goes on crusade
A year after succeeding to the throne of England, Richard I sets off east as one of the leaders of the third crusade

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Politics, Conquest, colonization | Politics, Dynasties, royalty, popes | Religion, Christianity
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_I_of_England
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third_Crusade
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_II_of_England
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_Richard
Image

1192 Richard I recognized in Austrian inn
Richard I, returning from the Holy Land in disguise, is recognized in an inn near Vienna and is imprisoned until England pays a massive ransom

  Europe, Central Europe, Austria | Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Politics, Conquest, colonization | Politics, Dynasties, royalty, popes
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_I_of_England
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_II_of_England
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third_Crusade
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_Richard
Image

1193 Bridge across the Thames at Kingston
A documentary reference to Kingston Bridge is first recorded in 1193; it has stone revetments but a flimsy wooden structure in constant need of repair

Image

1199 John is king of England
On the death of his brother, Richard I, John becomes king of England

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Politics, Dynasties, royalty, popes
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_I_of_England
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John,_King_of_England
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_II_of_England
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_Richard
Image

1200 Longbow in Wales
The longbow, a weapon of great use to English armies, is probably first developed in Wales

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  War, Weapons
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_longbow
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Longbow
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk%3ALongbow
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conquests_of_the_Longbow:_The_Legend_of_Robin_Hood
Image

1200
A small rectangular flint chapel is built on the site of the present St Mary's church in Barnes

Image

1215
St Mary's chapel in Barnes is enlarged

Image

1215 Magna Carta and liberty
In Magna Carta's lesser clauses (39 and 40) there are enshrined certain basic guarantees concerning the rule of law

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Society, Law, crime
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magna_Carta
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1215:_The_Year_of_Magna_Carta
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_of_the_land
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Habeas_Corpus_Act_1679
Image

1216 Henry III is king of England
On the death of his father, King John, Henry III becomes king of England

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Politics, Dynasties, royalty, popes
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_III_of_England
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John,_King_of_England
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_III_of_France
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_III,_Holy_Roman_Emperor
Image

1220 Llewellyn is called prince of Wales
Llewellyn ap Iorwerth acquires such authority over other Welsh chieftains that he is informally referred to as the prince of Wales

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Politics, Dynasties, royalty, popes | Politics, Government, states
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llywelyn_the_Great
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_of_Wales
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan,_Lady_of_Wales
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles,_Prince_of_Wales
Image

1225 Henry III reissues Magna Carta
Magna Carta is reissued slightly modified when Henry III comes of age; in the version which becomes enshrined in English law

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Politics, Dynasties, royalty, popes | Society, Law, crime
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_III_of_England
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magna_Carta
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charter_of_the_Forest
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magna_Carta_Holy_Grail
Image

1255 Pope offers Sicily to English prince
The pope, eager to fill the vacant throne of Sicily, offers it to a son of Henry III of England but gets no firm response

  Europe, South Europe, Italy | Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Politics, Diplomacy
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_III_of_England
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_III_of_Sicily
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_III_of_France
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constance,_Queen_of_Sicily
Image

1258 Provisions of Oxford
Henry III accepts severe curtailment of his powers in the Provisions of Oxford, but then asks the pope to absolve him from his oath

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Politics, Dynasties, royalty, popes | Society, Law, crime
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provisions_of_Oxford
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_III_of_England
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_III_of_France
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provisions_of_Westminster
Image

1265 Prince kills de Montfort
Prince Edward, escaping from captivity, defeats and kills Simon de Montfort at Evesham

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Politics, Protest, revolution | War, Battles
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Evesham
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_I_of_England
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simon_de_Montfort,_6th_Earl_of_Leicester
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simon_de_Montfort,_5th_Earl_of_Leicester
Image

1267 English acknowledge prince of Wales
In a treaty agreed at Shrewsbury, the English king Henry III acknowledges Llewellyn ap Gruffydd as the prince of Wales

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Politics, Diplomacy | Politics, Dynasties, royalty, popes
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llywelyn_ap_Gruffudd
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Montgomery
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_III_of_England
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_III_of_France
Image

1268 Lens and spectacles invented
The first mention of a lens occurs in a manuscript by Roger Bacon, to be soon followed by the invention of spectacles

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Technology, Inventions, discoveries
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Bacon
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glasses
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opus_Majus
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salvino_D%27Armati
Image

1272 Edward I is king of England
Edward I is in Sicily when he becomes king of England, on the death of his father, Henry III

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Politics, Dynasties, royalty, popes
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_I_of_England
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_III_of_England
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_III_of_France
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_II_of_England
Image

1282 Uprising by prince of Wales
An uprising by Llewellyn ap Gruffydd, the prince of Wales, ends with his own death and the subjugation of Wales by the king of England, Edward I

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Politics, Conquest, colonization | Politics, Dynasties, royalty, popes | War, Wars
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_I_of_England
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llywelyn_ap_Gruffudd
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llywelyn_ap_Gruffydd_Fychan
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_II_of_England
Image

1283 New castles to subdue the Welsh
Edward I begins a series of powerful castles - Harlech, Caernarfon and Conwy in this year alone - to subdue the Welsh

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Politics, Conquest, colonization
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_I_of_England
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conwy_Castle
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harlech_Castle
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caernarfon_Castle
Image

1290 Jews expelled from England
The Jews in England are driven out of the country, soon to be followed by those in France

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Politics, Persecution, repression | Religion, Christianity
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_France
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edict_of_Expulsion
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_IV_of_France
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_England
Image

1295 Model Parliament in Westminster Hall
The parliament summoned by Edward I in Westminster Hall is later seen as a 'model' for the breadth of its representation

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Politics, Democracy, dissent
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_I_of_England
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palace_of_Westminster
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Model_Parliament
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westminster_system
Image

1296 English remove Stone of Scone
Edward I invades Scotland, massacres the people of Berwick, captures John de Balliol and brings to Westminster the Stone of Scone

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Politics, Dynasties, royalty, popes | War, Wars
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_I_de_Balliol
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stone_of_Scone
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_I_of_England
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_II_of_England
Image

1297 William Wallace shows a brave heart
William Wallace's victory over the English at Stirling Bridge enables him to rule Scotland on behalf of John de Balliol

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Politics, Dynasties, royalty, popes | War, Battles
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Stirling_Bridge
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Wallace
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_I_de_Balliol
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Balliol
Image

1298 Longbow too much for Scots
The English longbow, in one of its early appearances, proves too much for the Scots at Falkirk

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  War, Weapons
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Falkirk
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Longbow
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_longbow
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Falkirk_Muir
Image

1298 Edward I defeats Wallace at Falkirk
Edward I's victory at Falkirk ends the career of William Wallace, of whom nothing more is heard until his capture and execution in 1305

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  War, Battles | War, Wars
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Falkirk
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_I_of_England
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Wallace
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_II_of_England
Image

1299 First bowling green
Southampton boasts the earliest known bowling green, mentioned in a document of this year

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Society, Sports, games
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bowls
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southampton_Old_Bowling_Green
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bowl
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bowling_green
Image

1300 Duns Scotus, genius or dunce
Duns Scotus, known as the Subtle Doctor in medieval times, later provides humanists with the name Dunsman or dunce

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Literature, Philosophy
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duns_Scotus
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duns_Scotus_College
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunce
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Univocity_of_being
Image

1301 English prince of Wales
Edward I, conqueror of Wales, bestows the cherished title 'prince of Wales' on his own heir, the future Edward II

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Politics, Dynasties, royalty, popes
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_of_Wales
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_II_of_England
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_I_of_England
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward,_Prince_of_Wales
Image

1306 Robert de Bruce is king of Scots
After the murder of his rival, in a church in Dumfries, Robert de Bruce is crowned king of Scots at Scone

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Politics, Dynasties, royalty, popes | Politics, Terrorism, assassination
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isabella_MacDuff,_Countess_of_Buchan
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_the_Bruce
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_II_of_Scotland
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1306_in_Scotland
Image

1307 Edward II is king of England
On the death of his father, Edward I, Edward II becomes king of England

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Politics, Dynasties, royalty, popes
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_I_of_England
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_II_of_England
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_IV_of_England
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_III_of_England
Image

1314 Victory for Bruce at Bannockburn
After years of guerilla warfare, Robert de Bruce defeats the English conclusively at Bannockburn - and becomes at last secure in his kingdom

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Politics, Dynasties, royalty, popes | War, Battles
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Bannockburn
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_the_Bruce
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bannockburn
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_II_of_Scotland
Image

1326 Edward II imprisoned
Edward II is captured and imprisoned by his queen, Isabella, and her lover, Mortimer

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Politics, Dynasties, royalty, popes
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Mortimer,_1st_Earl_of_March
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isabella_of_France
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_II_of_England
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_I_of_England
Image

1327 Edward III replaces his father
Isabella forces Edward II to renounce the English throne in favour of their 15-year-old son, Edward III

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Politics, Dynasties, royalty, popes
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_III_of_England
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isabella_of_France
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_II_of_England
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_I_of_England
Image

1327
The fishery at ‘Kaiho-juxta-Braynford’, which may be the origin of Kew Pond, first appears in the accounts of St Swithin’s Priory at Winchester

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kew
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winchester_Cathedral_Priory
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Swithun-upon-Kingsgate_Church
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kew_Green
Image

1327 Edward II murdered in Berkeley castle
Edward II, imprisoned by his wife and her lover, dies in Berkeley castle - almost certainly the victim of murder

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Politics, Dynasties, royalty, popes
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_II_of_England
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkeley_Castle
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Taylor_Suit_Cottage
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_I_of_England
Image

1328 English accept independent Scottish kingdom
The English finally accept a treaty, in Edinburgh, declaring that Robert de Bruce is king of a Scotland 'free and divided from the kingdom of England'

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Politics, Dynasties, royalty, popes | Politics, Government, states
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_the_Bruce
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Edinburgh%E2%80%93Northampton
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wars_of_Scottish_Independence
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_War_of_Scottish_Independence
Image

1329 David II is king of Scots
On the death of his father, Robert the Bruce, David II becomes king of Scotland

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Politics, Dynasties, royalty, popes
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_II_of_Scotland
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_the_Bruce
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_II
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_II_of_Scotland
Image

1332   November 12
The earliest recorded incumbent of St Mary's Church in Twickenham, William Browne, is presented.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Mary%27s_University,_Twickenham
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Mary%27s_Church,_Twickenham
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Mary%27s_University,_Texas
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Mary%27s_University
Image

1337 Property dispute launches Hundred Years' War
Philip VI of France confiscates Guienne, a fief belonging to Edward III of England - whose response begins the Hundred Years' War

  Europe, West Europe, Britain | Europe, West Europe, France
  Politics, Dynasties, royalty, popes | War, Wars
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_VI_of_France
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_III_of_England
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hundred_Years%27_War
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duchy_of_Aquitaine
Image

1340 English king claims France
Edward III, in Ghent, publicly assumes the title and the arms of the king of France

  Europe, West Europe, Britain | Europe, West Europe, France
  Politics, Dynasties, royalty, popes
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_III_of_England
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_of_Gaunt
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hundred_Years%27_War
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_I_of_England
Image

1340 Ockham's Razor
William of Ockham advocates paring down arguments to their essentials, an approach later known as Ockham's Razor

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Literature, Philosophy
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_of_Ockham
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occam%27s_razor
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ockham%27s_Razor_Theatre_Company
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ockham
Image

1342 First know vicar of St Mary's, Hampton
The Vicars of St Mary's Church in Hampton are known back to 1342 and the old Church possibly existed from c.1250

Image

1347 Knights of the Garter
Edward III establishes a new kind of knighthood with the Order of the Garter, conferred purely as an honour

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Society, Other
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_III_of_England
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_of_the_Garter
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_knights_and_ladies_of_the_Garter
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_current_Knights_and_Ladies_of_the_Garter
Image

1358 Edward III builds first Richmond palace
Edward III begins to transform a royal manor by the Thames at Richmond into a building that can for the first time be called a palace

  richmond-bridge
http://www.historyworld.net/placesinhistory/richmondpalace.asp
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_III_of_England
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richmond_Palace
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheen_Priory
Image

1360 Ransom of 3 million gold crowns
After four years of captivity in Bordeaux and London, the French king John II is released for a promised ransom of 3 million gold crowns

  Europe, West Europe, France
  Politics, Dynasties, royalty, popes | War, Wars
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ransom_of_King_John_II_of_France
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_II_of_France
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Br%C3%A9tigny
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk%3AJohn_II_of_France
Image

1367 Will is possibly Langland
A narrator who calls himself Will, and whose name may be Langland, begins the epic poem of Piers Plowman

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Literature, Epic | Literature, Poetry
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piers_Plowman
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Langland
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piers_Plowman_tradition
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NLW_MS_733B_Piers_Plowman
Image

1367 Chaucer serves in palace
One of four new yeomen of the chamber in Edward III's household is Geoffrey Chaucer

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Literature, Poetry
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_III_of_England
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geoffrey_Chaucer
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_II_of_England
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_of_Gaunt
Image

1371 Stewart dynasty on Scottish throne
On the death of his uncle, David II, Robert Stewart becomes king of Scotland as Robert II

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Politics, Dynasties, royalty, popes
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_II_of_Scotland
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_II_of_Scotland
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_II
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_II_Strathbogie,_Earl_of_Atholl
Image

1375 Green knight issues challenge
The courtly poem Sir Gawain and the Green Knight tells of a mysterious visitor to the round table of King Arthur

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Literature, Poetry
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Round_Table
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sir_Gawain_and_the_Green_Knight
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_Knight
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_Arthur_and_His_Knights_of_the_Round_Table
Image

1376 Wycliffe critical of corrupt church
John Wycliffe, writing mainly in Oxford, is critical of the contemporary church and can find no basis for the pope's authority

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Religion, Christianity
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wycliffe
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wycliffe%27s_Bible
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wycliffe:_The_Morning_Star
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wyclef_Jean
Image

1381 Peasants' revolt
A poll tax imposed in England provokes widespread unrest, which flares up in the Peasants' Revolt

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Politics, Protest, revolution
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peasants%27_Revolt
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poll_tax
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peasants%27_revolt_in_Palestine
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1907_Romanian_Peasants%27_Revolt
Image

1381 Wat Tyler meets Richard II
Wat Tyler, leader of the Kentish rebels, meets Richard II at Smithfield - before being struck and wounded by the Lord Mayor of London

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Politics, Protest, revolution
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wat_Tyler
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_II_of_England
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peasants%27_Revolt
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_II,_Duke_of_Normandy
Image

1385 Chaucer completes Troilus and Criseyde
Chaucer completes Troilus and Criseyde, his long poem about a legendary love affair in ancient Troy

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Literature, Poetry
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Troilus_and_Criseyde
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geoffrey_Chaucer
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Canterbury_Tales
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cressida
Image

1386 Portugal and England pledge friendship
John I, newly victorious in Portugal, proposes an alliance with England which has never been revoked

  Europe, South Europe, Portugal | Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Politics, Diplomacy
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglo-Portuguese_Alliance
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_I_of_Portugal
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_VI_of_Portugal
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglo-Portuguese_Treaty_of_1373
Image

1386 New clock in Salisbury Cathedral
A clock, designed only to strike the hours, is installed in Salisbury cathedral and is still working today

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Technology, Inventions, discoveries
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salisbury_Cathedral_clock
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salisbury_Cathedral
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wells_Cathedral_clock
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salisbury_Cathedral_from_the_Bishop%27s_Grounds
Image

1387 Chaucer begins Canterbury Tales
Chaucer begins an ambitious scheme for 100 Canterbury Tales, of which he completes only 24 by the time of his death

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Literature, Poetry
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geoffrey_Chaucer
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Canterbury_Tales
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Knight%27s_Tale
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Canterbury_Tale
Image

1390 Robert III is king of Scots
On the death of his father, Robert II, Robert III becomes king of Scotland

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Politics, Dynasties, royalty, popes
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_II_of_Scotland
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_III_of_Scotland
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_III_of_Worms
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_III,_Count_of_Flanders
Image

1394 Richard II's wife dies at Richmond
Anne of Bohemia, the wife of Richard II, dies of plague at Richmond and in his distress the king orders the palace to be demolished

  richmond-bridge
http://www.englishmonarchs.co.uk/plantagenet_61.html
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheen_Priory
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anne_of_Bohemia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anne_of_Bohemia,_Duchess_of_Austria
Image

1397 Richard II commissions a diptych
The English king, Richard II, commissions a diptych (the Wilton Diptych) showing himself being presented to the Virgin and Child

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Arts, Painting, drawing
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_II_of_England
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilton_Diptych
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_Hart
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Wilton_diptych;_right-hand_panel.jpg
Image

1399 Henry IV wins Richard's crown
Richard II cedes his crown to Bolingbroke, as Henry IV, and a few months later dies in Pontefract castle - probably starved to death

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Politics, Dynasties, royalty, popes
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_II_of_England
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_IV_of_England
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_IV_of_France
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pontefract_Castle
Image

1400 Lollards follow Wycliffe
The followers of Wycliffe, after his death, become known as Lollards or 'mutterers'

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Religion, Christianity
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lollardy
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wycliffe
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wycliffe%27s_Bible
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twelve_Conclusions_of_the_Lollards
Image

1400 English mystery cycles
The English mystery cycles are performed by trade guilds, on carts pulled from audience to audience around the city

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Performing arts, Theatre
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mystery_play
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coventry_Mystery_Plays
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/York_Mystery_Plays
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wakefield_Mystery_Plays
Image

1400 Welsh prince of Wales again
The Welsh rise against the English and proclaim Owain Glyn Dwr as their own prince of Wales

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Politics, Dynasties, royalty, popes | Politics, Protest, revolution
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Owain_Glynd%C5%B5r
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glynd%C5%B5r_Rising
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_of_Wales
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles,_Prince_of_Wales
Image

1404 Owain Glyn Dwr victorious
Owain Glyn Dwr captures Aberystwyth and Harlech from the English and sets up an independent Welsh administration

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Politics, Dynasties, royalty, popes | War, Wars
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harlech_Castle
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Owain_Glynd%C5%B5r
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glynd%C5%B5r_Rising
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Owain_Glyndwr_Hotel
Image

1406 James I is king of Scots
On the death of his father, Robert III, James I becomes king of Scotland

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Politics, Dynasties, royalty, popes
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_I_of_Scotland
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_III_of_Scotland
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_III_of_Worms
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_V_of_Scotland
Image

1408 Owain Glyn Dwr loses support
Driven from Aberystwyth and Harlech, Owain Glyn Dwr loses support - and the last Welsh rebellion fades away

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Politics, Dynasties, royalty, popes | Politics, Protest, revolution
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Owain_Glynd%C5%B5r
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harlech_Castle
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glynd%C5%B5r_Rising
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aberystwyth_Castle
Image

1413 Henry V begins new palace at Richmond
Soon after his accession Henry V begins construction of a new royal palace at Richmond

  richmond-bridge
http://www.historyworld.net/timesearch/default.asp?conid=1061&keywords=Richmond-Sheen%20timeline
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheen_Priory
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_V_of_England
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syon_Abbey
Image

1413 Henry V is king
Henry V succeeds his father, Henry IV, as king of England

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Politics, Dynasties, royalty, popes
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_IV_of_England
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_V_of_England
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_IV_of_France
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_IV_of_Castile
Image

1415
Sir William de Milbourne, the first known resident of Milbourne House, dies and is buried in the Barnes parish church of St Mary’s

Image

1420 English king heir to French crown
The treaty of Troyes, between the English and the Burgundian faction, grants Henry V the status of heir to the French throne

  Europe, West Europe, Britain | Europe, West Europe, France
  Politics, Dynasties, royalty, popes
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_V_of_England
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Troyes
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Treaty_of_Troyes.svg
Image

1420 Henry V marries Catherine
Henry V marries Catherine, daughter of the French king and sister of the rightful heir to the kingdom, the dauphin, who is on the opposing side

  Europe, West Europe, Britain | Europe, West Europe, France
  Politics, Dynasties, royalty, popes
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_V_of_England
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catherine_of_Valois
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catherine_of_Valois%E2%80%93Courtenay
Image

1422 Infant king of England and France
Henry VI, son of Henry V and Catherine of France, is king of England and theoretically king of France before his first birthday

  Europe, West Europe, Britain | Europe, West Europe, France
  Politics, Dynasties, royalty, popes
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_VI_of_England
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual_monarchy_of_England_and_France
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_V_of_England
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_VII_of_England
Image

1437 James II is king of Scots
On the death of his father, James I, James II becomes king of Scotland

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Politics, Dynasties, royalty, popes
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_I_of_Scotland
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_II_of_Scotland
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_V_of_Scotland
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_II_of_England
Image

1455 Clash between white and red roses
An engagement at St Albans is the first battle in the 30-year struggle between the white and red roses of York and Lancaster

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Politics, Dynasties, royalty, popes | War, Battles | War, Wars
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Battle_of_St_Albans
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wars_of_the_Roses
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Battle_of_St_Albans
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_St_Albans
Image

1460 James III is king of Scots
On the death of his father, James II, James III becomes king of Scotland

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Politics, Dynasties, royalty, popes
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_II_of_Scotland
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_III_of_Scotland
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_II_of_England
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Francis_Edward_Stuart
Image

1461 Edward IV triumphant
The first success in the Wars of the Roses goes to the white rose, with the Yorkist prince crowned as Edward IV

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Politics, Dynasties, royalty, popes | War, Wars
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_IV_of_England
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wars_of_the_Roses
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_VI_of_England
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_Woodville
Image

1467
Sir John Saye, Chancellor of the Exchequer to Edward IV, becomes the first recorded resident of Barn Elms, the manor house of Barnes

Image

1469 Malory in gaol writes about Arthur
Thomas Malory, in gaol somewhere in England, compiles Morte d'Arthur – an English account of the French tales of King Arthur

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Literature, Epic
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le_Morte_d%27Arthur
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Malory
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elaine_of_Astolat
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lady_of_the_Lake
Image

1475 Bribe ends renewed English attack on France
Edward IV, landing at Calais with a large army, is bought off at Picquigny with a bribe - ending his attempt to revive the Hundred Years' War

  Europe, West Europe, Britain | Europe, West Europe, France
  Politics, Diplomacy | War, Wars
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hundred_Years%27_War
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Picquigny
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_IV_of_England
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_Woodville
Image

1476 Caxton sets up in London
Caxton establishes the first English printing press in London, after working in the new trade in Bruges

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Technology, Printing
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Caxton
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recuyell_of_the_Historyes_of_Troye
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Clowes_Ltd.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colard_Mansion
Image

1483 Edward IV dies
The English king Edward IV dies and his succeeded by his 12-year-old son as Edward V

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Politics, Dynasties, royalty, popes
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_IV_of_England
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_V_of_England
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_Woodville
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princes_in_the_Tower
Image

1483 Princes in the Tower
The two royal princes, Edward V and his younger brother, are confined in the Tower of London by their uncle - soon to be Richard III

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Politics, Dynasties, royalty, popes
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princes_in_the_Tower
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_V_of_England
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_III_of_England
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Stafford,_2nd_Duke_of_Buckingham
Image

1483 Richard III proclaimed
Richard III has himself proclaimed king by a parliament held at Westminster, and begins a short reign of only two years

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Politics, Dynasties, royalty, popes
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_III_of_England
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_Woodville
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princes_in_the_Tower
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_IV_of_England
Image

1485
A tower is added to St Mary's in Barnes

Image

1485 Henry VII wins at Bosworth Field
Henry Tudor kills Richard III at Bosworth Field and takes the crown as Henry VII

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Politics, Dynasties, royalty, popes | War, Battles
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_III_of_England
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Bosworth_Field
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_VII_of_England
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_VII,_Holy_Roman_Emperor
Image

1486 Roses united in Tudor version
Henry VII, whose mother is Lancastrian, marries the Yorkist heiress Elizabeth and thus unites the roses - in the Tudor rose

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Politics, Dynasties, royalty, popes
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tudor_rose
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_of_York
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_VII_of_England
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_VII,_Holy_Roman_Emperor
Image

1487 Richmond palace burns
When Henry VII is in Richmond for Christmas, fire breaks out in his lodging and destroys much of the palace

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_VII_of_England
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richmond_Palace
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_VIII
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1497
Image

1488 James IV is king of Scots
On the death of his father, James III, James IV becomes king of Scotland

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Politics, Dynasties, royalty, popes
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_III_of_Scotland
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_IV_of_Scotland
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Francis_Edward_Stuart
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_VI_and_I
Image

1493
John Williams, a brewer, acquires half an acre of land beside the Thames in Mortlake and builds on it a house subsequently known as Cromwell House

Image

1497 Cabot explores for England
Henry VII commissions the Italian navigator John Cabot to cross the Atlantic in search of new territories for England

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Society, Transport, travel
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Cabot
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_VII_of_England
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_VII,_Holy_Roman_Emperor
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Cabot_University
Image

1497 Cabot probably reaches Newfoundland
John Cabot, searching for a trade route to China, probably reaches Newfoundland

  North America, Canada | Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Society, Transport, travel
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Cabot
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Cabot_University
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Moors_Cabot
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cod_fishing_in_Newfoundland
Image

1500 to 1650 Villas around Kew Green
A number of noblemen and wealthy merchants build their villas around Kew Green, including Robert Dudley Earl of Leicester, closely associated with Queen Elizabeth I. The only villa to survive from this period is the present Kew Palace built in the Dutch style for Samuel Fortrey.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Dudley,_1st_Earl_of_Leicester
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Fortrey
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Dudley,_1st_Duke_of_Northumberland
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kew_Palace
Image

1500
The manor of East Sheen and West Hall is carved out of the manor of Mortlake, including all that part of Kew that now lies between the river, the A316 and the District railway

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mortlake
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Hall,_Kew
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Sheen
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Hall
Image

1501 Henry VII rebuilds Richmond palace
The rebuilding of Henry VII's palace is largely completed, after an impressively short time

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richmond_Palace
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_VII_of_England
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_VIII
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheen_Priory
Image

1503 Stewart and Tudor wedding
The marriage of James IV, king of Scotland, to Margaret Tudor, daughter of Henry VII, leads a century later to the Union of the Crowns

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Politics, Dynasties, royalty, popes
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_of_the_Crowns
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_Tudor
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_IV_of_Scotland
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lady_Margaret_Beaufort
Image

1505
St Peter’s is rebuilt, retaining some Norman work in the chancel from the original ‘chapelry’

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norman_architecture
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Peter%27s_Church,_Petersham
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanesque_architecture
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Burials_at_St_Peter%27s,_Petersham
Image

1509   December 25 Henry VIII spends first Christmas with Catherine in Richmond
The newly crowned and recently married king, Henry VIII, spends his first Christmas with his wife, Catherine of Aragon, at Richmond

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_VIII
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catherine_of_Aragon
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_I_of_England
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_VII_of_England
Image

1509 Henry VIII is king of England
On the death of his father, and as the result of the death of his elder brother Arthur, Henry VIII becomes king of England

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Politics, Dynasties, royalty, popes
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur,_Prince_of_Wales
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_VIII
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catherine_of_Aragon
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_Arthur,_Duke_of_Connaught_and_Strathearn
Image

1510 Erasmus and Christian humanism
Erasmus and Thomas More take the northern Renaissance in the direction of Christian humanism

  Europe, West Europe, Benelux | Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Literature, Other
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_More
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erasmus
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_humanism
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erasmus_Programme
Image

1511 Earliest curling stone
The earliest surviving curling stone, discovered in Scotland, dates from this year

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Society, Sports, games
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curling
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kays_of_Scotland
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curling_at_the_Winter_Olympics
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1001_to_1600_in_sports
Image

1513 Scots defeated at Flodden
James IV of Scotland dies at Flodden, in the disastrous defeat of his army by the English

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Politics, Dynasties, royalty, popes | War, Battles | War, Wars
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_IV_of_Scotland
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Flodden
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_VI_and_I
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Deaths_at_the_Battle_of_Flodden
Image

1513 James V is king of Scots
On the death of his father at Flodden, the one-year-old James V becomes king of Scotland

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Politics, Dynasties, royalty, popes
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Flodden
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_V_of_Scotland
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Deaths_at_the_Battle_of_Flodden
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_VI_and_I
Image

1514 Wolsey leases Hampton Court
Thomas Wolsey leases Hampton Court from Henry Daubeney

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Field_of_the_Cloth_of_Gold
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Wolsey
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Daubeney,_1st_Earl_of_Bridgewater
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hampton_Court_Palace
Image

1514 Wolsey begins Hampton Court
Thomas Wolsey begins to build himself a palace at Hampton Court, but will later consider it politic to give it to Henry VIII

  Arts, Architecture | Politics, Other
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Wolsey
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hampton_Court_Palace
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_VIII
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hampton_Court_Maze
Image

1514-1522 Wolsey adds Great Gatehouse at Hampton Court
Wolsey's first phase of work at Hampton Court adds a whole new courtyard of accomodation, Base Court, and an imposing Great Gatehouse

Image

1516 Catherine of Aragon has a daughter
Catherine of Aragon gives birth to a daughter, Mary, who becomes the only one of her six children to live beyond infancy

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Politics, Dynasties, royalty, popes
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catherine_of_Aragon
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_I_of_England
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RMS_Queen_Mary
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultural_depictions_of_Catherine_of_Aragon
Image

1520
Thomas Cromwell’s sister Katherine and her husband Morgan Williams move into the Mortlake house inherited from Morgan’s uncle John Williams

Image

1522-1528 Wolsey's Chapel is completed at Hampton Court
The second phase of Wolsey's work at Hampton Court includes the creation of three suites fit for Royal occupation, a suite of rooms for himself and a magnificant Chapel

Image

1524 Tyndale at Wittenberg
William Tyndale studies in the university at Wittenberg and plans to translate the Bible into English

  Europe, Central Europe, Germany | Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Literature, Other | Religion, Christianity
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Tyndale
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wittenberg
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyndale_Bible
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wittenberg_University
Image

1526 Holbein in Chelsea
Hans Holbein the Younger pays his first visit to England, and stays with Thomas More in Chelsea

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Arts, Painting, drawing
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Holbein_the_Younger
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_More
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sir_Thomas_More_and_Family
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anne_of_Cleves
Image

1528 Bible studies affect divorce
Discussion of Henry VIII's proposed divorce hinges on rival verses from the Old Testament, in Deuteronomy and Leviticus

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Politics, Dynasties, royalty, popes | Religion, Christianity | Religion, Judaism
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_VIII
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matthew_5:32
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yibbum
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ki_Teitzei
Image

1528 Wolsey order to leave Hampton Court
Henry VIII orders Wolsey to vacate Hampton Court after Wolsey has opposed the King's divorce from his first wife, Catherine of Aragon

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Tennis_Court,_Hampton_Court
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_VIII
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catherine_of_Aragon
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Wolsey
Image

1528 Wolsey loses Hampton Court
In a desperate attempt to retain royal favour, when suspected by the king of opposing his divorce, Cardinal Wolsey gives his spectacular Hampton Court Palace to Henry VIII

  Politics, Other
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hampton_Court_Palace
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Wolsey
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_VIII
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Tennis_Court,_Hampton_Court
Image

1529 Thomas More is Lord Chancellor
After the fall of Wolsey, Henry VIII appoints Thomas More as his Lord Chancellor

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Politics, Government, states
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_VIII
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_More
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Wolsey
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Cromwell
Image

1529 Henry VIII creates his private quarters at Hampton Court
Henry's first phase of building at Hampton Court includes the construction of all the rooms required for operations of the kitchens, a Council Chamber and private rooms for himself

Image

1529 Gardens at Hampton Court for Henry VIII
Plans are laid for the King's new gardens at Hampton Court including the Privy Garden, Pond Yard and Mount Garden

Image

1530
King Henry VIII’s barge moors in the creek leading from the River Thames to Kew Pond

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_VIII
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kew
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kew_Green
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Blue_Damselflies_sparkling_over_Kew_pond.webm
Image

1532 Henry VIII rebuilds Great Hall at Hampton Court
Henry rebuilds the Great Hall at Hampton Court, the first in a sequence of rooms leading towards his private lodgings

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hampton_Court_Palace
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hammerbeam_roof
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_works_of_art_at_Hampton_Court_Palace
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eltham_Palace
Image

1532 Privy Garden completed at Hampton Court
The Privy Garden at Hampton Court is completed and is divided up into squares by 180 posts topped with heraldic beasts and is said to resemble a chess board in red, white and green

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Privy_Garden_of_the_Palace_of_Whitehall
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Hampton_Court_Palace_from_the_Privy_Garden.jpg
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hampton_Court_Palace
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grade_I_listed_buildings_in_the_London_Borough_of_Richmond_upon_Thames
Image

1533 Henry VIII divorces Catherine
Thomas Cranmer, the archbishop of Canterbury, declares Henry VIII's marriage to Catherine of Aragon null and void

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Politics, Dynasties, royalty, popes
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_VIII
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catherine_of_Aragon
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Cranmer
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margarete_Cranmer
Image

1533 Henry VIII disappointed by another daughter
Anne Boleyn has a child (the future Elizabeth I) but not of the sex her husband wants

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Politics, Dynasties, royalty, popes
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_I
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anne_Boleyn
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_II
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anne_of_Cleves
Image

1534 Henry VIII head of English church
Henry VIII's Act of Supremacy forces prominent figures in English public life to accept him on oath as head of the Church of England

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Politics, Dynasties, royalty, popes | Religion, Christianity
  horsley
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acts_of_Supremacy
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_VIII
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Act_of_Supremacy_1558
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treasons_Act_1534
Image

1535 Thomas More beheaded
Thomas More refuses to take the oath accepting the Act of Supremacy and is beheaded

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Politics, Other
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_More
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acts_of_Supremacy
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Act_of_Supremacy_1558
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Fisher
Image

1535 Henry VIII enhances chapel at Hampton Court
Henry modernises the Chapel at Hampton Court and adds the magnificent ceiling

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chapel_Royal
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hampton_Court_Palace
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raphael_Cartoons
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Peculiar
Image

1536 English king plunders monasteries
Henry VIII begins the process of gathering in the wealth of England's monasteries

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Politics, Dynasties, royalty, popes | Religion, Christianity
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_Monasteries
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_VIII
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_monasteries_dissolved_by_Henry_VIII_of_England
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_monasteries_in_Portugal
Image

1536 Wales merged in England
Wales is merged within the English kingdom as a principality

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Politics, Government, states
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principality_of_Wales
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laws_in_Wales_Acts_1535_and_1542
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wales
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statute_of_Rhuddlan
Image

1536 Water Gallery at Hampton Court
A Water Gallery, over 170ft long, is constructed and incorporates a landing stage for the King's Barge at Hampton Court with a Pleasure Gallery above

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hampton_Court_and_Dittons_Regatta
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Longford_River
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hampton_Court_Palace
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hampton_Court_Beauties
Image

1536 Anne Boleyn executed
Henry VIII's queen, Anne Boleyn, is beheaded in the Tower of London on unsubstantiated charges of adultery

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Politics, Dynasties, royalty, popes
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anne_Boleyn
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_VIII
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Boleyn,_Viscount_Rochford
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anne_of_Cleves
Image

1536 A deer park for the navy
Henry VIII encloses land to the north of Hampton Court Palace as a deer park, and plants it with acorns to provide oak for the navy

Image

1537 Jane Seymour has a son
Jane Seymour gives birth to Henry VIII's long-awaited male heir (the future Edward VI)

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Politics, Dynasties, royalty, popes
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_VI_of_England
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_VIII
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jane_Seymour
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_IV_of_England
Image

1540 Astronomical clock at Hampton Court
Nicolas Oursian creates an astronomical clock for Henry VIII at Hampton Court

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hampton_Court_astronomical_clock
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hampton_Court_Palace
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prague_astronomical_clock
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomical_clock
Image

1542 Mary is Queen of Scots
A one-week-old Scottish infant, daughter of James V, inherits the throne as Mary Queen of Scots

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Politics, Dynasties, royalty, popes
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_V_of_Scotland
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary,_Queen_of_Scots
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1540s_in_England
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_VI_and_I
Image

1546 Archbishop of St Andrews murdered
David Beaton, the archbishop of St Andrews, burns a leading Protestant, George Wishart, as a heretic and is murdered in retaliation

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Politics, Persecution, repression | Religion, Christianity
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Wishart
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Beaton
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Beaton_of_Creich
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_St_Andrews_Castle
Image

1547 Henry VIII succeeded by Edward VI
On the death of Henry VIII his 10-year-old son becomes king of England as Edward VI

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Politics, Dynasties, royalty, popes
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_VI_of_England
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_VIII
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_IV_of_England
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_Edward_VI_School,_Stratford-upon-Avon
Image

1547 John Knox a galley slave
John Knox is captured in St Andrews and is sent to serve in the French fleet as a galley slave

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Politics, Persecution, repression | Religion, Christianity
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_St_Andrews_Castle
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Knox
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Knox_Laughton
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Balfour,_Lord_Pittendreich
Image

1549 First English prayer book
The first version of the English prayer book, or Book of Common Prayer, is published with text by Thomas Cranmer

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Literature, Other | Religion, Christianity
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book_of_Common_Prayer
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Cranmer
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margarete_Cranmer
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Book_of_Common_Prayer
Image

1553 Mary I tries to restore Catholic England
Mary I succeeds to the English throne, and devotes her energies to the restoration of the Catholic faith

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Politics, Dynasties, royalty, popes | Religion, Christianity
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_I_of_England
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RMS_Queen_Mary
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary,_Queen_of_Scots
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_II_of_England
Image

1554 Mary I marries Catholic heir to Spain
Mary I causes grave offence in England by her marriage to the Catholic heir to the king of Spain

  Europe, South Europe, Spain | Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Politics, Dynasties, royalty, popes | Religion, Christianity
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_I_of_England
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_II_of_Spain
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Act_for_the_Marriage_of_Queen_Mary_to_Philip_of_Spain
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RMS_Queen_Mary
Image

1555 Muscovy Company to trade with Russia
The Muscovy Company is granted a monopoly by the crown to trade with Russia, as the first of the English chartered companies

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Society, Commerce, industry
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muscovy_Company
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:People_of_the_Muscovy_Company
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Muscovy_Company
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Bonaventure
Image

1558 Mary I succeeded by sister, Elizabeth
Elizabeth I succeeds peacefully to the throne of England, after the turmoil of Mary's Catholic reign

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Politics, Dynasties, royalty, popes
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_I
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_I_of_England
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_II
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Succession_to_Elizabeth_I
Image

1558 Mary Queen of Scots marries heir to French throne
Mary Queen of Scots marries the heir to the French throne, who a year later succeeds as Francis II

  Europe, West Europe, Britain | Europe, West Europe, France
  Politics, Dynasties, royalty, popes
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_II_of_France
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary,_Queen_of_Scots
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_I_of_France
Image

1558 Stewart become Stuart
With its strong French connection, the Scottish royal name of Stewart begins to be spelt Stuart (there being no 'w' in native French words)

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Politics, Dynasties, royalty, popes
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Stuart
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jon_Stewart
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stuart_period
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Tudor
Image

1559 Knox back in Scotland
John Knox returns to Scotland from Geneva and inspires the Protestants to march on Edinburgh

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Politics, Protest, revolution | Religion, Christianity
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Knox
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Knox_Laughton
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scottish_Reformation_Parliament
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Goodman
Image

1560 Mary Queen of Scots widowed at seventeen
A year after Mary has become queen of France, her husband Francis II dies

  Europe, West Europe, Britain | Europe, West Europe, France
  Politics, Dynasties, royalty, popes
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_II_of_France
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary,_Queen_of_Scots
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_I_of_France
Image

1561 Knox and Mary disagree
Mary Queen of Scots returns from France to Edinburgh, and to an inevitable clash with John Knox

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Politics, Dynasties, royalty, popes | Religion, Christianity
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Knox
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary,_Queen_of_Scots
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Knox_Laughton
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Frush_Knox
Image

1564 Marlowe and Shakespeare born
Marlowe and Shakespeare are born in the same year, with Marlowe the older by two months

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Literature, Other
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shakespeare
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Marlowe
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/q:William_Shakespeare
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marlovian_theory_of_Shakespeare_authorship
Image

1565 Mary marries her cousin Darnley
Mary Queen of Scots marries her Catholic cousin, Henry Darnley

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Politics, Dynasties, royalty, popes
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Stuart,_Lord_Darnley
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary,_Queen_of_Scots
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaseabout_Raid
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darnley_Naylor
Image

1566 Rizzio assassinated
Mary Queen of Scots' secretary, David Rizzio, is dragged from her presence and stabbed to death

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Politics, Dynasties, royalty, popes
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary,_Queen_of_Scots
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Rizzio
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrick_Ruthven,_3rd_Lord_Ruthven
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Stuart,_Lord_Darnley
Image

1566 Darnley involved in murder of Rizzio
Mary Queen of Scots' husband Darnley is treacherously involved in the murder of her secretary, Rizzio

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Politics, Dynasties, royalty, popes
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Rizzio
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Stuart,_Lord_Darnley
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary,_Queen_of_Scots
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk%3ADavid_Rizzio
Image

1566
The mathematician, astrologer and alchemist John Dee moves to a house in Mortlake on the site of the building now known as the Queen’s Head

Image

1567 New Testament in Welsh
The Book of Common Prayer and the New Testament are published in Welsh, to be followed by the complete Bible in 1588

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Literature, Other | Religion, Christianity
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bible_translations_into_Welsh
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Salesbury
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:1588_First_Welsh_Bible.jpg
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1567_in_literature
Image

1567 Darnley murdered, Mary marries suspect
Darnley is murdered, almost certainly at the instigation of Mary Queen of Scots' lover, Bothwell, whom she marries just three months later

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Politics, Dynasties, royalty, popes
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Stuart,_Lord_Darnley
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary,_Queen_of_Scots
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Hepburn,_4th_Earl_of_Bothwell
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Bothwell_Water_Tank_House
Image

1567 Letters implicate Mary Queen of Scots
A casket of letters seems to incriminate Mary Queen of Scots herself in the murder of her husband, Darnley

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Politics, Dynasties, royalty, popes
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Stuart,_Lord_Darnley
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary,_Queen_of_Scots
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casket_letters
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Goodall
Image

1567 Mary Queen of Scots is deposed
The events of this year give the Protestant nobility the occasion and opportunity of deposing Mary Queen of Scots

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Politics, Dynasties, royalty, popes
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary,_Queen_of_Scots
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casket_letters
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Carberry_Hill
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_VI_and_I
Image

1567 James VI is king of Scots
On the removal of Mary from the Scottish throne, her one-year-old son succeeds her as James VI

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Politics, Dynasties, royalty, popes
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_VI_and_I
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary,_Queen_of_Scots
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_James_Version
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_II_of_England
Image

1568 Mary Queen of Scots at Elizabeth's mercy
Mary Queen of Scots flees across the border to seek the help of her English cousin, Elizabeth, but finds herself kept under close guard

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Politics, Dynasties, royalty, popes
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_I
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary,_Queen_of_Scots
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_II
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Langside
Image

1569 English rebels support Mary
A rebellion in the north of England aims to put Mary Queen of Scots on the English throne

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Politics, Dynasties, royalty, popes | Politics, Protest, revolution
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary,_Queen_of_Scots
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rising_of_the_North
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Howard,_4th_Duke_of_Norfolk
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_I_of_England
Image

1570 Pope excommunicates English queen
Pope Pius V excommunicates the English queen, Elizabeth I, causing a severe crisis of loyalty for her Catholic subjects

  Europe, South Europe, Italy | Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Politics, Dynasties, royalty, popes | Religion, Christianity
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_I
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regnans_in_Excelsis
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Pius_V
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_II
Image

1571 Ridolfi in plot for Mary
Roberto di Ridolfi, a Florentine banker, coordinates a scheme to win the English throne for Mary Queen of Scots

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Politics, Dynasties, royalty, popes
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary,_Queen_of_Scots
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roberto_di_Ridolfo
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ridolfi_plot
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Howard,_4th_Duke_of_Norfolk
Image

1571
John Dee brings back from Lorraine a cartload of special instruments for alchemy, to be installed in his laboratory at Mortlake

Image

1575 Day of the galleon
English sailor and slave-trader John Hawkins turns the top-heavy carrack into the more seaworthy galleon

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Society, Transport, travel
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galleon
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carrack
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Carrack
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Hawkins
Image

1576 London gets its first theatre
James Burbage builds London's first theatre and calls it the Theatre

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Performing arts, Theatre
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Burbage
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Theatre
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Burbage
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blackfriars_Theatre
Image

1577 Drake heads west from Plymouth
Francis Drake sails from Plymouth, heading west for the Pacific and the East Indies

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Society, Transport, travel
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Drake
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Drake%27s_circumnavigation
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frances_Drake
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_Hind
Image

1579
Queen Elizabeth buys the lease of Barn Elms for her spymaster, Sir Francis Walsingham

Image

1580 Jesuits target England
The first Jesuit missionaries arrive in England, with Edmund Campion among their number

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Religion, Christianity
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesuits,_etc._Act_1584
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmund_Campion
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Edmund_Campion_Secondary_School
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Persons
Image

1580 Drake home from trip round world
Francis Drake returns to England after his three-year voyage round the world and is knighted by Queen Elizabeth on board his Golden Hind

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Society, Transport, travel
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Drake
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_I
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_Hind
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_II
Image

1582 Shakespeare marries Anne
The 18-year-old William Shakespeare marries Anne Hathaway in Stratford-upon-Avon

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Literature, Other
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shakespeare
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anne_Hathaway
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexuality_of_William_Shakespeare
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/q:William_Shakespeare
Image

1583 Newfoundland for England
Humphrey Gilbert claims Newfoundland on behalf of England's queen Elizabeth

  North America, Canada | Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Politics, Conquest, colonization
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_I
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humphrey_Gilbert
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CCGS_Sir_Humphrey_Gilbert
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_II
Image

1583
John Dee sets off for six years of travel in Europe, during which his laboratory and library in Mortlake is plundered by former associates and rivals

Image

1585 England supports Dutch rebels
England's queen Elizabeth sends 6000 troops to support the Dutch rebels against Spain

  Europe, West Europe, Benelux | Europe, West Europe, Britain
  War, Wars
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_I
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Nonsuch
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dutch_Revolt
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_II
Image

1585 Catholic martyrs in England
Catholics are now the martyrs in England, their numbers almost matching the Protestant martyrs of the previous reign

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Politics, Persecution, repression | Religion, Christianity
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Catholic_martyrs_of_the_English_Reformation
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Protestant_martyrs_of_the_English_Reformation
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forty_Martyrs_of_England_and_Wales
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Protestant_martyrs
Image

1586 Babington plots for Mary
Anthony Babington is involved in a plot to assassinate Elizabeth and place Mary Queen of Scots on the English throne

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Politics, Dynasties, royalty, popes
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Babington_Plot
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_I
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary,_Queen_of_Scots
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthony_Babington
Image

1587 Mary Queen of Scots beheaded
Mary Queen of Scots, implicated in the Babington plot, is beheaded in Fotheringay castle

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Politics, Dynasties, royalty, popes
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Babington_Plot
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary,_Queen_of_Scots
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fotheringhay_Castle
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthony_Babington
Image

1587 Marlowe pioneers blank verse
Marlowe's first play, Tamburlaine the Great, introduces the swaggering blank verse of Elizabethan and Jacobean drama

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Literature, Drama | Performing arts, Theatre
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamburlaine
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blank_verse
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Marlowe
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timur
Image

1587 Raleigh sends settlers to Virginia
A new group of English settlers arrives at Roanoke Island and makes a second attempt at a settlement

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Politics, Conquest, colonization
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roanoke_Island
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roanoke_Colony
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Raleigh
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Roanoke_Island
Image

1587 English girl born in America
Virginia Dare becomes the first English child to be born in America, on Roanoke Island

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Politics, Conquest, colonization
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virginia_Dare
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roanoke_Island
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roanoke_Colony
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ananias_Dare
Image

1587 Drake singes king's beard
Francis Drake sails into a crowded Cadiz harbour and destroys some thirty Spanish ships

  Europe, South Europe, Spain | Europe, West Europe, Britain
  War, Wars
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Drake
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singeing_the_King_of_Spain%27s_Beard
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk%3ASingeing_the_King_of_Spain's_Beard
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_C%C3%A1diz
Image

1588 Spanish Armada defeated
The more nimble English fleet destroys the galleons of the Spanish Armada, introducing a new kind of naval warfare

  Europe, South Europe, Spain | Europe, West Europe, Britain
  War, Wars
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armada
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_Armada
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/He_blew_with_His_winds,_and_they_were_scattered
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armada,_Michigan
Image

1588 Men-of-war command the seas
The tactics used against the Armada reveal that the sailing ships themselves have become fighting machines, as men-of-war

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  War, Wars
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_Armada
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armada
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_Armada_in_Ireland
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armada,_Michigan
Image

1589 Lee knitting machine 1589
An English clergyman, William Lee, develops the world's first industrial machinery, to knit stockings

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Technology, Inventions, discoveries
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knitting_machine
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stocking_frame
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Lee
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lace_machine
Image

1590 Water closet installed in Richmond
Queen Elizabeth I instals in Richmond Palace a flushing water closet (or toilet) recently invented by Sir John Harington

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richmond_Palace
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_I
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Harington,_1st_Baron_Harington_of_Exton
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1612
Image

1590 Spenser flatters Fairy Queen
English poet Edmund Spenser celebrates the Protestant Elizabeth I as The Faerie Queene

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Literature, Poetry
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_I
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmund_Spenser
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Faerie_Queene
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_II
Image

1591 Jane Lovell secure in Richmond
Queen Elizabeth I grants Jane Lovell, widow of John, the ongoing rights to his offices in Richmond Palace

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_I
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richmond_Palace
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_II
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheen_Priory
Image

1592 Shakespeare shows his paces with Richard III
After tentative beginnings in the three parts of Henry VI, Shakespeare achieves his first masterpiece on stage with Richard III

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Literature, Drama | Performing arts, Theatre
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shakespeare
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_VI,_Part_1
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/q:William_Shakespeare
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_III_of_England
Image

1596 Flush toilet in England
A flush toilet is illustrated in an English pamphlet, The Metamorphosis of Ajax by John Harrington

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Society, Social, domestic
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1596_in_poetry
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1596_in_science
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flush_toilet
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scott_Isaacs
Image

1598 Earliest known reference to cricket
A manuscript, the Guildford Book of Court, uses the word 'creckett' for a game played in a Guildford school

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Society, Sports, games
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cricket
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Grammar_School,_Guildford
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_cricket_to_1725
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lord%27s
Image

1599 Globe built on Bankside
The Globe, where many of Shakespeare's plays are first performed, is built on Bankside in London

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Arts, Architecture | Performing arts, Theatre
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shakespeare%27s_Globe
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Globe_Theatre
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shakespeare
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/q:William_Shakespeare
Image

1600 Earth is a magnet says Elizabeth's physician
William Gilbert, physician to Queen Elizabeth, concludes that the earth is a magnet and coins the term 'magnetic pole'

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Science, Physics
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_I
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_geomagnetism
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_II
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W._S._Gilbert
Image

1600 British East India Company
Britain's East India Company is established when Elizabeth I grants a charter to a 'Company of Merchants trading into the East Indies'

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Society, Commerce, industry
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_India_Company
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_I
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Company_rule_in_India
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_II
Image

1600 Electricity named
Electricity is given its name (in the Latin phrase vis electrica) by the English physician, William Gilbert

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Science, Physics
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W._S._Gilbert
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Gilbert
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_Revolution
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Thomson,_1st_Baron_Kelvin
Image

1601 Hamlet catches spirit of age
Shakespeare's central character in Hamlet expresses both the ideals of the Renaissance and the disillusion of a less confident age

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Literature, Drama | Performing arts, Theatre
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shakespeare
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamlet
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/q:William_Shakespeare
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Critical_approaches_to_Hamlet
Image

1603   March 23 Elizabeth I dies in Richmond palace
Queen Elizabeth I dies at the age of 69 in Richmond Palace

  richmond-bridge
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_I
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_II
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richmond_Palace
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Tudor
Image

1603 James VI is James I
James VI of Scotland inherits peacefully the crown of his English cousin Elizabeth, and becomes James I of England

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Politics, Dynasties, royalty, popes
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_VI_and_I
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_I
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_of_the_Crowns
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_II
Image

1603 Union of the Crowns
The accession of James I and VI to the throne of England brings the union of the crowns of England and Scotland

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Politics, Dynasties, royalty, popes | Politics, Government, states
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_VI_and_I
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_of_the_Crowns
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acts_of_Union_1707
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Stuart
Image

1604 King says smoking loathsome
The British king James I launches a blistering attack on the smoking of tobacco, which he considers a loathsome custom

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Society, Social, domestic
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_VI_and_I
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Counterblaste_to_Tobacco
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tobacco
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tobacco_smoking
Image

1604 Authorized version commissioned
James I commissions the Authorized version of the Bible, which is completed by forty-seven scholars in seven years

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Literature, Other | Religion, Christianity
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_James_Version
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_VI_and_I
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Puritans_under_King_James_I
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revised_Version
Image

1604 Thorn bushes bestow their name on park
Bushy Park has by now acquired its familiar name, from the thorn bushes planted to protect the sapling oaks from the deer

Image

1605 Masque at court of James I
Ben Jonson writes The Masque of Blackness, the first of his many masques for the court of James I

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Literature, Drama | Performing arts, Theatre
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_VI_and_I
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ben_Jonson
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Masque_of_Blackness
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invisible_Man_and_the_Masque_of_Blackness
Image

1605 Gunpowder Plot damages Catholic cause
The Gunpowder Plot, attempting murder and treason, severely damages the Catholic cause in Britain

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Politics, Protest, revolution | Religion, Christianity
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gunpowder_Plot
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guy_Fawkes
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guy_Fawkes_Night
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Gunpowder_Plot:_Exploding_the_Legend
Image

1606 Ben Jonson's Volpone
The satirical voice of the English playwright Ben Jonson is heard to powerful effect in Volpone

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Literature, Drama | Performing arts, Theatre
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volpone
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ben_Jonson
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/q:Ben_Jonson
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seven_Volpone
Image

1607 Flight of the Earls
The earls of Tyrone and Tyrconnel sail from Ireland with their families, in the event known as the Flight of the Earls

  Europe, West Europe, Britain | Europe, West Europe, Ireland
  Politics, Conquest, colonization
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flight_of_the_Earls
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earl_of_Tyrconnell
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugh_O%27Neill,_Earl_of_Tyrone
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flight_of_the_Wild_Geese
Image

1608 English Puritans sail to Holland
A shipload of Puritans, among them some of the future Pilgrim Fathers, sail from Boston in Lincolnshire to seek religious freedom in Holland

  Europe, West Europe, Benelux | Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Politics, Persecution, repression | Religion, Christianity
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pilgrim_Fathers_Church
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mayflower
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pilgrim_Fathers_Memorial
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Puritans_under_King_James_I
Image

1609 Shakespeare's sonnets
Shakespeare's sonnets, written ten years previously, are published

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Literature, Poetry
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shakespeare%27s_sonnets
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shakespeare
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/q:William_Shakespeare
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Thorpe
Image

1610
Sir Thomas Vavasour builds Ham House

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ham_House
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathias_Ham_House
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vavasour_family
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vavasour_baronets
Image

1610
A 3 storey brick mansion set in 74 acres, later known as Cambridge Park, is built by Sir Humphrey Lynd.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twickenham_Meadows
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigel_Havers
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_power_stations_in_England
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hampstead
Image

1611 The Tempest
Shakespeare's last completed play, The Tempest, is performed

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Literature, Drama | Performing arts, Theatre
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Tempest
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shakespeare
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/q:William_Shakespeare
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronology_of_Shakespeare%27s_plays
Image

1612 Baptist church in London
The establishment of a Baptist church in London is a defining moment for the Baptist sect within Christianity

  Religion, Christianity
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Helwys
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baptists
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bootleggers_and_Baptists
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Baptist_Convention
Image

1613 Globe burns during Shakespeare's last play
The Globe catches fire during a performance of Shakespeare's last play, Henry VIII

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Performing arts, Theatre
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Globe_Theatre
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shakespeare
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shakespeare%27s_Globe
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/q:William_Shakespeare
Image

1616 Pocahontas a sensation in London
Pocahontas fascinates Londoners when she arrives with her husband to publicize Jamestown

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Society, Other
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamestown,_Virginia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pocahontas
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamestown,_Saint_Helena
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamestown,_New_York
Image

1616 John Smith describes New England
John Smith publishes A Description of New England, an account of his exploration of the region in 1614

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Literature, Other | Politics, Conquest, colonization | Society, Transport, travel
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Description_of_New_England
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pocahontas
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_England_Colonies
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_massacre_of_1622
Image

1619
Dee’s house and estate are purchased by Francis Crane to establish the Mortlake Tapestry Works, with eighteen looms operated by Flemish weavers

Image

1620 September 16 Pilgrims sail west
The Pilgrims (or Pilgrim Fathers), a group of 102 English settlers, sail in the Mayflower to the new world

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Politics, Conquest, colonization
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mayflower
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Mayflower_passengers
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mayflower,_Arkansas
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pilgrim_Fathers_Church
Image

1620 Bacon on experimental science
In his Novum Organum Francis Bacon introduces a modern philosophy of experimental science

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Science, Other
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novum_Organum
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/s:Novum_Organum
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Bacon
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/q:Francis_Bacon
Image

1621 Donne is dean
John Donne, England's leading Metaphysical poet, becomes dean of St Paul's

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Literature, Other
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Donne
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metaphysical_poets
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devotions_upon_Emergent_Occasions
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dean_of_St_Paul%27s
Image

1623 First Folio
John Heminge and Henry Condell publish thirty-six Shakespeare plays in the First Folio

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Literature, Drama
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Folio
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Condell
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Heminges
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Early_texts_of_Shakespeare%27s_works
Image

1625 Charles I is king of England
On the death of his father, James VI and I, Charles I becomes king of England and Scotland

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Politics, Dynasties, royalty, popes
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_I_of_England
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_VI_and_I
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_II_of_England
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor
Image

1625 Tonnage and poundage crisis for Charles I
The English parliament attempts to clip the wings of the new king, Charles I, by placing an annual limit on his power to raise taxes

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Politics, Government, states
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Useless_Parliament
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonnage_and_poundage
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_I_of_England
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_II_of_England
Image

1626
Ham House is expanded by William Murray, former ‘whipping boy’ to Charles I, and later created Earl of Dysart

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Murray,_1st_Earl_of_Dysart
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_I_of_England
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ham_House
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathias_Ham_House
Image

1628 Heart is a pump says Harvey
William Harvey publishes a short book, De Motu Cordis, proving the circulation of the blood

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Science, Medicine
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exercitatio_Anatomica_de_Motu_Cordis_et_Sanguinis_in_Animalibus
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Harvey
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_Motu
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Harvey_Carney
Image

1628 Rights demanded for English citizens
The English parliament's Petition of Right emphasizes the right of the citizen to be protected from royal tyranny

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Politics, Government, states | Politics, Persecution, repression
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petition_of_Right
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petitions_of_Right_Act_1860
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Right_to_petition
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_of_Rights_1689
Image

1630 Puritans set sail for Massachusetts
John Winthrop, appointed governor of the new Massachusetts Bay Company, sails from England with 700 settlers

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Politics, Conquest, colonization
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Winthrop
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts_Bay_Colony
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charter_of_the_Massachusetts_Bay_Company
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winthrop_Fleet
Image

1631 Samuel Fortrey builds house in Kew Gardens
Samuel Fortrey builds a house with gables, in the Dutch style, in what is now Kew Gardens.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kew_Palace
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Fortrey
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kew_Letters
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sir_Francis_Compton
Image

1632 Van Dyck moves to London
Van Dyck moves to London and becomes portrait painter to the British court and aristocracy

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Arts, Painting, drawing
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthony_van_Dyck
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_paintings_by_Anthony_van_Dyck
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-Portrait_with_a_Sunflower
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equestrian_Portrait_of_Charles_I
Image

1632
Charles I acquires Raphael’s cartoons for The Acts of the Apostles (now in the Victoria and Albert Museum), to be copied as tapestries in the workshops at Mortlake

Image

1633 Herbert's posthumous poems
George Herbert's only volume of poems, The Temple, is published posthumously

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Literature, Poetry
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Herbert
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Herbert,_5th_Earl_of_Carnarvon
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Easter_Wings
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_H._W._Bush
Image

1634 Ship money crisis
Charles I demands ship money to increase his revenue, albeit in the absence of its conventional justification - a crisis of national defence

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Politics, Government, states
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ship_money
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_I_of_England
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Hampden
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ship_Money_Act_1640
Image

1635 York Farm built for Andrew Pitcairne
York Farm, now known as York House, is built for Andrew Pitcarne, Groom of the Bedchamber of Charles I.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Pitcairn
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_I_of_England
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Pitcairn_Jr.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_I_of_Austria
Image

1637 Milton's Lycidas
John Milton's Lycidas is published in memory of a Cambridge friend, Edward King

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Literature, Poetry
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Milton
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lycidas
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battus_lycidas
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pastoral_elegy
Image

1638 Covenant in Edinburgh churchyard
A National Covenant, first signed in an Edinburgh churchyard, commits the Covenanters to oppose Charles I's reforms of the Church of Scotland

  Europe, West Europe, Britain
  Politics, Protest, revolution | Religion, Christianity
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Covenanters
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Puritans_under_King_Charles_I
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_I_of_England
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_II_of_England
Image

1638-1639 Longford River provides water for Hampton Court gardens
The Longford River is constructed to take water from the River Colne over Hounslow Heath to the Hampton Court Parks to supply water to the gardens.