Italian Architecture
by Derek Gerlach

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530 BC Greek temples in Paestum
The Greek colonists of Paestum, in southern Italy, build the first of their three superb temples

  Europe, South Europe, Italy
  Arts, Architecture
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paestum
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Temples_of_Paestum
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20 BC Vitruvius explains architecture
Roman author Vitruvius writes De Architectura, now generally known as The Ten Books of Architecture

  Europe, South Europe, Italy
  Arts, Architecture
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_architectura
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitruvius
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120 Spectacular dome for Pantheon
The Pantheon, roofed with the most spectacular dome of antiquity, is built in Rome by Hadrian

  Europe, South Europe, Italy
  Arts, Architecture
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadrian
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pantheon,_Rome
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315 Constantine's first churches
Constantine founds several churches in Rome, among them the first St Peter's

  Europe, South Europe, Italy
  Arts, Architecture | Religion, Christianity
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Peter%27s_Basilica
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Catholic_Church
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constantine_the_Great
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constantine_the_Great_and_Christianity
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320 Transept introduced in Rome
Constantine's new churches in Rome introduce an important element in church architecture, the transept

  Europe, South Europe, Italy
  Arts, Architecture
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transept
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constantine_the_Great
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constantine_the_Great_and_Christianity
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cathedral_floorplan
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1132 Capella Palatina in Palermo
Work begins on the exquisite palace chapel in Palermo, built for the Norman kings of Sicily

  Europe, South Europe, Italy
  Arts, Architecture
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cappella_Palatina
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sicily
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norman_conquest_of_southern_Italy
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Det_indre_af_Capella_Palatina_i_Palermo,_KMS6255.jpg
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1298 Siena protects Campo
The authorities in Siena publish strict regulations for the design of the buildings around a new central piazza, the Campo

  Europe, South Europe, Italy
  Arts, Architecture
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gothic_secular_and_domestic_architecture
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siena
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piazza_del_Campo
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_Texas_gubernatorial_election
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1320 Italian Gothic takes bright new direction
In places such as Siena and Orvieto, Italian architects add a blaze of colour to the more restrained northern pattern of Gothic

  Europe, South Europe, Italy
  Arts, Architecture
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orvieto_Cathedral
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siena_Cathedral
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Domenico,_Orvieto
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sienese_School
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1340 New palace for Venetian doge
The Doge's Palace, begun in its present form in this year, is only one of the spectacular beauties of Venetian Gothic

  Europe, South Europe, Italy
  Arts, Architecture
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doge%27s_Palace
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venetian_Gothic_architecture
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doge%27s_Palace,_Genoa
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Venetian_Gothic_architecture
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1345 New old bridge in Florence
The bridge now known as Ponte Vecchio is constructed in Florence (replacing an older old bridge)

  Europe, South Europe, Italy
  Arts, Architecture
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ponte_Vecchio
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ponte_Vecchio,_Bassano
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ponte_alle_Grazie
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Buildings_and_structures_completed_in_1345
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1415 Brunelleschi studies Roman ruins
Filippo Brunelleschi begins studying the ruins of classical Rome, with a view to rediscovering classical architecture

  Europe, South Europe, Italy
  Arts, Architecture
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filippo_Brunelleschi
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florence_Cathedral
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pazzi_Chapel
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donatello
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1418 Brunelleschi wins competition
A competition is launched for an architect to construct a dome above Florence's cathedral, and is won by Brunelleschi

  Europe, South Europe, Italy
  Arts, Architecture
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florence_Cathedral
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filippo_Brunelleschi
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Lorenzo,_Florence
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Florence_Cathedral
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1430 Work begins on Pazzi chapel
Work begins in Florence on Brunelleschi's Pazzi chapel, which encapsulates in miniature the new ideals of Renaissance architecture

  Europe, South Europe, Italy
  Arts, Architecture
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pazzi_Chapel
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filippo_Brunelleschi
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Pazzi_Chapel_Santa_Croce_Apr_2008_P.JPG
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masaccio
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1471 Sixtus founds chapel and choir
The new pope, Sixtus IV, secures his name in history, establishing the Sistine chapel and the Sistine choir

  Europe, South Europe, Italy
  Arts, Architecture | Performing arts, Music
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistine_Chapel
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistine_Chapel_Choir
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Sixtus_IV
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistine_Chapel_ceiling
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1506 Foundation stone for new St Peter's
Julius II, together with the architect Bramante, lays the foundation stone for the new St Peter's

  Europe, South Europe, Italy
  Arts, Architecture
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donato_Bramante
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Julius_II
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Peter%27s_Basilica
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_St._Peter%27s_Basilica
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1570 Palladio revives the villa
Palladio publishes I Quattro Libri dell'Architettura ('The Four Books of Architecture'), which include his influential designs for villas

  Europe, South Europe, Italy
  Arts, Architecture
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrea_Palladio
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I_quattro_libri_dell%27architettura
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Villa_Repeta_Palladio_Quattro_Libri_1570.jpg
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palladian_architecture
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1590 St Peter's is complete
The dome of St Peter's is finished, completing nearly a century of construction on Europe's largest church

  Europe, South Europe, Italy
  Arts, Architecture
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Peter%27s_Basilica
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_St._Peter%27s_Basilica
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giacomo_della_Porta
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:StPetersDomePD.jpg
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1618 First proscenium theatre
The Teatro Farnese in Parma is the first to have a proscenium arch, framing perspective scenery painted on flat wings

  Europe, South Europe, Italy
  Arts, Architecture | Performing arts, Theatre
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teatro_Farnese
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proscenium
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Proscenium_arch,_Jefferson_Theatre.jpg
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1618
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1629 Bernini is architect to St Peter's
The sculptor and architect Giovanni Lorenzo Bernini is given the task of adding the drama of baroque to the newly completed St Peter's in Rome

  Europe, South Europe, Italy
  Arts, Architecture
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Peter%27s_Basilica
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baroque
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gian_Lorenzo_Bernini
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_works_by_Gian_Lorenzo_Bernini
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1667 Bernini colonnade for Rome pilgrims
Bernini's great curving colonnade is completed, to form the piazza in front of St Peter's

  Europe, South Europe, Italy
  Arts, Architecture
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Peter%27s_Square
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Peter%27s_Basilica
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gian_Lorenzo_Bernini
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_works_by_Gian_Lorenzo_Bernini
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1944 Monte Cassino in ruins
The monastery and town of Monte Cassino are left in ruins after the Allies finally break through the German defences

  Europe, South Europe, Italy
  Arts, Architecture
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Monte_Cassino
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monte_Cassino
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allied_invasion_of_Italy
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1944_in_Germany