French Empire
by Derek Gerlach

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121 BC Romans in Provence
The Romans establish a province in the south of France, still acknowledged in the name Provence

  Europe, West Europe, France
  Politics, Conquest, colonization
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provence
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Provence
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aix-en-Provence
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_province
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58 BC Caesar in Gaul
At the end of his year as consul, Caesar travels north to become governor of northern Italy and southern France

  Europe, South Europe, Italy | Europe, West Europe, France
  Politics, Conquest, colonization
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallic_Wars
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaul
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_Caesar
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52 BC Vercingetorix defeats Caesar
The Celtic leader Vercingetorix inflicts an unaccustomed defeat on Julius Caesar, at Gergovia, but is captured later in the year

  Europe, West Europe, France
  Politics, Conquest, colonization | War, Battles
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Gergovia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_Caesar
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vercingetorix
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vercing%C3%A9torix_monument
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52 BC Caesar writes Gallic War
In his winter quarters Julius Caesar writes The Gallic War, an account of his own achievements in suppressing the Gauls

  Europe, West Europe, France
  Literature, History | Politics, Conquest, colonization
Historyworld context
https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.02.0001%3Abook%3D1%3Achapter%3D1
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gauls
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_Caesar
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallic_Wars
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406 Vandals move through Gaul into Spain
The Vandals cross the Rhine into Gaul and move into Spain, from which the Visigoths soon push them on into Africa

  Europe, South Europe, Spain | Europe, West Europe, France
  Politics, Conquest, colonization | Society, Migration
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visigoths
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vandals
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visigothic_Kingdom
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Vandals
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732 Charles Martel stops Muslim advance
The Muslim advance into France is halted when Charles Martel defeats the Arabs between Poitiers and Tours

  Europe, West Europe, France
  Politics, Conquest, colonization | Religion, Christianity | Religion, Islam | War, Battles
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Tours
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Martel
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_battleship_Charles_Martel
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tours
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1066 Normans invade England in longships
The Normans, as seen in the Bayeux tapestry, invade England in Viking longships with fortified platforms for archers

  Europe, West Europe, Britain | Europe, West Europe, France
  Politics, Conquest, colonization | War, Wars
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayeux_Tapestry
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Longship
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norman_Conquest
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Norman_Conquests
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1147 Second crusade
The second crusade is led east by two kings, Louis VII of France and Conrad III of Germany

  Europe, Central Europe, Germany | Europe, West Europe, France
  Politics, Conquest, colonization | Religion, Christianity
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conrad_III_of_Germany
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Crusade
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_VII_of_France
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crusades
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1204 Normandy taken by French king
The French king, Philip II, takes Normandy from the English, and follows this success by taking Anjou a year later

  Europe, West Europe, France
  Politics, Conquest, colonization
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_II_of_France
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_II_of_Spain
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_of_England,_Queen_of_Sicily
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John,_King_of_England
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1807 Two emperors on a raft
Napoleon and the Russian tsar Alexander I meet on a raft at Tilsit and set about carving up Europe

  Europe, North Europe, Russia | Europe, West Europe, France
  Politics, Conquest, colonization | Politics, Government, states
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaties_of_Tilsit
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_I_of_Russia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoleon
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_French_Empire
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1858 Napoleon III and Cavour in Italian plot
Napoleon III and Cavour hatch a secret plan at Plombièes to tempt Austria into war in north Italy, and agree how to divide up the spoils

  Europe, West Europe, France | Europe, South Europe, Italy
  Politics, Conquest, colonization | Politics, Government, states
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoleon_III
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plombi%C3%A8res
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camillo_Benso,_Count_of_Cavour
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plombi%C3%A8res_Agreement
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1859 Austrians evicted from Milan
A French and Piedmontese army liberates Milan from Austrian rule

  Europe, Central Europe, Austria | Europe, South Europe, Italy | Europe, West Europe, France
  Politics, Conquest, colonization
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Italian_War_of_Independence
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italian_unification
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commemorative_medal_of_the_1859_Italian_Campaign
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giuseppe_Garibaldi
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1860 Cavour cedes Savoy and Nice to France
The treaty of Turin brings much of north Italy under the control of Cavour (for the kingdom of Sardinia), who in return cedes Savoy and Nice to France

  Europe, South Europe, Italy | Europe, West Europe, France
  Politics, Conquest, colonization | Politics, Government, states
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camillo_Benso,_Count_of_Cavour
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italian_aircraft_carrier_Cavour
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Turin
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italian_battleship_Conte_di_Cavour
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1958 De Gaulle visits Algiers
On his second day in power, de Gaulle visits Algiers to confront the settlers with an unwelcome message

  Africa, North Africa, Other | Europe, West Europe, France
  Politics, Conquest, colonization | Politics, Government, states
Historyworld context
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/May_1958_crisis_in_France
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_de_Gaulle